The variable resistor is adjusted until the galvanometer reads zero. Two opposite vertices are connected to a source of electric current, such as a battery, and a galvanometer is connected across the other two vertices. It is constructed from four resistors, two of known values R 1 and R 3 (see diagram), one whose resistance is to be determined R x, and one which is variable and calibrated R 2. The best-known bridge circuit, the Wheatstone bridge, was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie and popularized by Charles Wheatstone, and is used for measuring resistance. Bridge circuits now find many applications, both linear and non-linear, including in instrumentation, filtering and power conversion. The bridge was originally developed for laboratory measurement purposes and one of the intermediate bridging points is often adjustable when so used. A bridge circuit is a topology of electrical circuitry in which two circuit branches (usually in parallel with each other) are "bridged" by a third branch connected between the first two branches at some intermediate point along them.
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